Geomechanical Models of Wellbore Stability and Hydraulic Fractures
Publications
2020
- Weijermars, R., Nelson, R., and Wang, J., 2020. Elastic Anisotropy in shale formations and its effect on near-borehole stress fields and failure modes. Earth-Science Reviews, Volume 200, article id. 102957. Volume 200, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102957.
2019
- Wang, J., and Weijermars, R., 2019. New Interface for Assessing Potential Instability at Critical Wellbore Pressure with Deviatoric Stress Distributions and Various Failure Criteria. MDPI Energies, 12(20),4019; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12204019.
- Wang, J., & Weijermars, R. (2019). Expansion of horizontal wellbore stability model for elastically anisotropic shale formations with anisotropic failure criteria: Permian Basin case study. American Rock Mechanics Association, 19, 2062.
- Li, Y., & Weijermars, R. (2019). Wellbore stability analysis in transverse isotropic shales with anisotropic failure criteria. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,176, 982-993. doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2019.01.092
- Weijermars, R. & Ettehad, M. (2019). Displacement field potentials for deformation in elastic Media: Theory and application to pressure-loaded boreholes. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 340, 276-295.
2018
- Thomas, N., & Weijermars, R. (2018). Comprehensive atlas of stress trajectory patterns and stress magnitudes around cylindrical holes in rock bodies for geoscientific and geotechnical applications. Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 179, 303-371.
2016
- Weijermars, R. , 2016. Stress Cages and Fracture Cages in Stress Trajectory Models of Wellbores: Implications for Pressure Management during Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering (JNGSE), vol. 3, p. 986-1003.
Before 2015
- Weijermars, R., 2013, Mapping stress trajectories and the width of stress perturbation-zones near a cylindrical wellbore. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 64, p. 148–159.
- Weijermars, R., Zhang, X, and Schultz-Ela, D., 2013. Geomechanics of Fracture Caging in Wellbores. Geophysical Journal International (GJIRAS), vol. 193, issue 3, p. 1119-1132.
- Weijermars, R., and Schultz-Ela, D., 2012. Visualizing stress trajectories around pressurized wellbores. SPE Paper 152559. SPE/ EAGE European Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition, held in Vienna, Austria, 20-22, March 2012, p.1-10.
- Weijermars, R., Zhang, X. and Schultz-Ela, D., 2012. Unrecognized ‘fracture caging’ could make shale gas drilling safer and more profitable. First Break, Vol. 30, No. 1 (February Issue), p. 35-36.
- Weijermars, R., 2011. Analytical stress functions applied to hydraulic fracturing: scaling the interaction of tectonic stress and frac job pressure. Proceedings 45th US Rock Mechanics Symposium, June 26-29, 2011, San Francisco, USA, ARMA paper 11-598, 13 pages.
Presentations
2017
- Topic: Visualizing Principal Stress Trajectory Patterns for Geoscientific and Geotechnical Applications
Date: 4, February, 2017
Venue: Student Paper Contest 2017
Location: Texas A&M University
Presenter: Ned Thomas
Wellbore Stability in Salt (Salt Dynamics)
Impact of salt migration on hydrocarbon trap formation in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere can be concisely modeled using advanced scaling and analytical models.
Why should we bother?
Failure to recognize fast creep zones in salt sheets may cause wellbore failure due to viscous drag. Our models can history match past flow rates from ramps and flats visible on seismic and quantify likely present and future flow rates to help selection of safe drilling trajectories.
Animations
- Salt Canopy Coalescence from Reference Paper:
Weijermars, R., 2015. Salt sheet coalescence in the Walker Ridge region (Gulf of Mexico): Insights from analytical models. Tectonophysics, Vol. 640-641, p. 39-52.
1. Fig. 9 from Reference Paper:
Onset of salt sheet flowwhere the 14 nested sources are started in fourwaves
2. Fig. 10 from Reference Paper:
Progressive infill of salt canopy (pink space) by salt sheets (grey shade)
- Open Wellbore Closure from Reference Paper:
Weijermars, R., Jackson, M.P.A., and Van Harmelen, A., 2013. Closure of open wellbores in creeping salt sheets. Geophysical Journal International (GJIRAS), vol. 196, issue 1, p. 279 -290
1. Fig. 6 from Reference Paper:
Animation of in-salt wellbore closure under conditions specified in Fig. 6 of this article.
2. Fig. 10 from Reference Paper:
Animation of in-salt wellbore closure under conditions specified in Fig. 9 of this article
- Salt Diapir Rise from Reference Paper:
Weijermars, R., Hudec, M.R., Dooley, T.P., Hudec, M., and Jackson, M.P.A., 2015. Downbuilding salt stocks and sheets quantified in 3-D analytical models. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth, vol. 120, p. 4616–4644, doi:10.1002/2014JB011704.
1. Fig. 16a from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 16a.
2. Fig. 16b from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 16b.
3. Fig. 16c from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 16c.
4. Fig. 17a from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 17a.
5. Fig. 17b from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 17b.
6. Fig. 18b from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 18b.
7. Fig. 23b from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 23b
8. Fig. 23d from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 23d.
9. Fig. 24a from Reference Paper:
Animation of downbuilding salt stock under conditions specified in Fig. 24a.
- Chao Lava Flow from Reference Paper:
Weijermars, R., 2014. Visualization of space competition and plume formation with complex potentials for multiple source flows: some examples and novel application to Chao lava flow (Chile). Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 119, issue 3, p. 2397-2414
Chaos Simulation (Fig. 9 from the article):
The video shows the most likely emplacement history for the Chaos lava field. Lava is issued from three vents (located in the complex plane at z=-0.8+1.8i, z=0, and z=1.1-1.3i) and their non-dimensional flux strengths are 0.2, 0.6, and 0.3, respectively. The superimposed gravity-driven, far-field flow is (ux, uy) = (-0.16,-0.5). Red contours are isochrons spaced for ∆t*=1. Different grey shades highlight lava issued from vent 1 starting at t*=0 (dark-grey), vents 1 and 2 starting at t*=2 (medium-grey), and from vents 1, 2, and 3 starting at t*=12 (light-grey). This animation is instructive for understanding the evolution of the flow from the three major vents. Assumed relative rates are specified in Figure 9 of this article.
- Gravity Flows from Reference Paper:
Weijermars, R., Dooley, T.P., Jackson, M.P.A., and Hudec, M.R., 2014. Rankine models for time-dependent gravity spreading of terrestrial source flows over sub-planar slopes. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 119, issue 9, p. 7353-7388.
Landslide Bullet Train:
A landslide is like a bullet train filled with rock, mud and other debris (trees, houses, cars) picked up along the way. In Colombia, torrential rains liquefy the mud layers, which then rips rocks from the steep slopes and the bullet train then careers downhill with a speed and energy that destroys anything in its path. The bullet train only slows down when the slope of the terrain lessens and the pull of gravity subsides. This simple animation shows the motion of a teardrop landslide starting from a failure point on a slope. The down-slope movement by the pull of gravity is shown here in slow motion (from Weijermars and others, 2014, Journal of Geophysical Research, volume 119, p. 7353-7388).
1. Fig. 15 from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for constant flux source with Rk=25 (as in Fig. 15 of this article).
2. Fig. 15 from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for constant flux source with Rk=100 (as in Fig. 15 of this article).
3. Fig. 20a from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for declining flux source with initial Rk=100 (as in Fig. 20a -Racket of this article).
4. Fig. 20b from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for declining flux source with initial Rk=50 (as in Fig. 20b -Tadpole I of this article).
5. Fig. 20c from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for declining flux source with initial Rk=25 (as in Fig. 20c -Tadpole II of this article).
6. Fig. 22 from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for oscillating flux source with initial Rk=100 (as in Fig. 22 of this article).
7. Fig. C1b from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for inflating flux source with initial Rk=20 (as in Fig. C1b of this article).
8. Fig. D1f from Reference Paper:
Plume formation for bell shaped flux source with initial Rk=20 (as in Fig. D1f of this article).
Publications
2015
- Weijermars, R., 2015. New Analytics, Modeling improve subsalt drilling safety. Oil & Gas Journal, March 2 issue, p. 62-65.
- Weijermars, R., and van Harmelen, A., 2015. Quantifying Velocity, Strain Rate and Stress Distribution in Coalescing Salt Sheets for Safer Drilling. Geophysical Journal International (GJIRAS), Vol. 200, p. 1483-1502.
- Weijermars, R., Hudec, M.R., Dooley, T.P., Hudec, M., and Jackson, M.P.A., 2015. Downbuilding salt stocks and sheets quantified in 3-D analytical models. Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth, vol. 120, p. 4616–4644, doi:10.1002/2014JB011704.
- Weijermars, R., 2015. Salt sheet coalescence in the Walker Ridge region (Gulf of Mexico): Insights from analytical models. Tectonophysics, Vol. 640-641, p. 39-52.
- Weijermars, R., 2015. Analytical models of suture formation in salt canopies for safer well planning, Vol. 640-641, p. 1-19.
2014
- Weijermars, R., Jackson, M.P.A., and Dooley, T. P., 2014. Quantifying drag on wellbore casings in moving salt sheets. Geophysical Journal International (GJIRAS), vol. 198, issue 2, p. 965-977.
- Weijermars, R., Dooley, T.P., Jackson, M.P.A., and Hudec, M.R., 2014. Rankine models for time-dependent gravity spreading of terrestrial source flows over sub-planar slopes. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 119, issue 9, p. 7353-7388.
- Weijermars, R., 2014. Visualization of space competition and plume formation with complex potentials for multiple source flows: some examples and novel application to Chao lava flow (Chile). Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 119, issue 3, p. 2397-2414
- Weijermars, R. and M.P.A. Jackson, 2014. Predicting the Depth of Viscous Stress Peaks in Moving Salt Sheets: Conceptual Framework and Practical Implications for Drilling. AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 98, no. 5, p. 911-945.
2013
- Weijermars, R., Jackson, M.P.A., and Van Harmelen, A., 2013. Closure of open wellbores in creeping salt sheets. Geophysical Journal International (GJIRAS), vol. 196, issue 1, p. 279 -290